30, By speaking of "a certain special participation" of man and woman in the "creative work" of God, the Council wishes to point out that having a child is an event which is deeply human and full of religious meaning, insofar as it involves both the spouses, who form "one flesh" (Gen 2:24), and God who makes himself present. 1 Jn 1:3). Did you not pour me out like milk and curdle me like cheese? 83 Even though a certain psychological, cultural and social conditioning may induce a person to carry out an action which so radically contradicts the innate inclination to life, thus lessening or removing subjective responsibility, suicide, when viewed objectively, is a gravely immoral act. Evangelium vitae states that problems of conscience, like the one treated at the end of number 73, "are not infrequent" (John Paul II, Encyclical Letter Evangelium vitae, n. 73). In order to fulfil its vocation as the "sanctuary of life", as the cell of a society which loves and welcomes life, the family urgently needs to be helped and supported. A special task falls to Catholic intellectuals, who are called to be present and active in the leading centres where culture is formed, in schools and universities, in places of scientific and technological research, of artistic creativity and of the study of man. "We are writing this that our joy may be complete" (1 Jn 1:4): the Gospel of life is for the whole of human society. So often the literary battles concerning life issues are just so many skirmishes "fought" in particular arenas. Man, as the living image of God, is willed by his Creator to be ruler and lord. No circumstance, no purpose, no law whatsoever can ever make licit an act which is intrinsically illicit, since it is contrary to the Law of God which is written in every human heart, knowable by reason itself, and proclaimed by the Church. Man is called to a fullness of life which far exceeds the dimensions of his earthly existence, because it consists in sharing the very life of God. One of the specific characteristics of present-day attacks on human life-as has already been said several times-consists in the trend to demand a legal justification for them, as if they were rights which the State, at least under certain conditions, must acknowledge as belonging to citizens. As disciples of Jesus, we are called to become neighbours to everyone (cf. At the same time a new cultural climate is developing and taking hold, which gives crimes against life a new and-if possible-even more sinister character, giving rise to further grave concern: broad sectors of public opinion justify certain crimes against life in the name of the rights of individual freedom, and on this basis they claim not only exemption from punishment but even authorization by the State, so that these things can be done with total freedom and indeed with the free assistance of health-care systems. On the other hand, it is held that, in the exercise of public and professional duties, respect for other people's freedom of choice requires that each one should set aside his or her own convictions in order to satisfy every demand of the citizens which is recognized and guaranteed by law; in carrying out one's duties the only moral criterion should be what is laid down by the law itself. Rock, S.J. Interiorly renewed by the grace of the Spirit, "who is the Lord and giver of life", we have become a people for life and we are called to act accordingly. Among the questions which arise in this context is that of the licitness of using various types of painkillers and sedatives for relieving the patient's pain when this involves the risk of shortening life. But how can we reconcile this approach with the exaltation of man as a being who is "not to be used"? In the life of man, God's image shines forth anew and is again revealed in all its fullness at the coming of the Son of God in human flesh. Then the Lord said to him, ?Not so! Mk 4:26-29). In this way a kind of "conspiracy against life" is unleashed. abortion, that is, Study Guide to Evangelium Vitae (The Gospel of Life) While the culture has never been more confused about the definition of what marriage is, those who are married have never been more hopeless about how marriage should be lived. And Saint Paul assures us that the present victory over sin is a sign and anticipation of the definitive victory over death, when there "shall come to pass the saying that is written: ?Death is swallowed up in victory'. 98. She has received it as a gift from Jesus, sent by the Father "to preach good news to the poor" (Lk 4:18). In view of laws which permit abortion and in view of efforts, which here and there have been successful, to legalize euthanasia, movements and initiatives to raise social awareness in defence of life have sprung up in many parts of the world. The Gospel of life is both a great gift of God and an exacting task for humanity. The encyclical entitled “Evangelium Vitae,” meaning “The Gospel of Life,” was promulgated on 25 March 1995 by Pope John Paul II in Rome, Italy. The ways of solving the population problem are quite different. Reflections on St. Pope John Paul II’s Evangelium Vitae Dr. Mitchell Kalpakgian. 85. And even more so, the value of the person from the moment of conception is celebrated in the meeting between the Virgin Mary and Elizabeth, and between the two children whom they are carrying in the womb. abortion in passage sixty–two, In fact, while the climate of widespread moral uncertainty can in some way be explained by the multiplicity and gravity of today's social problems, and these can sometimes mitigate the subjective responsibility of individuals, it is no less true that we are confronted by an even larger reality, which can be described as a veritable structure of sin. Jesus, as "the physician of the body and of the spirit",37 was sent by the Father to proclaim the good news to the poor and to heal the brokenhearted (cf. "You shall love your neighbour as yourself" (Lk 10:27):"promote" life, 75. There is no obligation in conscience to obey such laws; instead there is a grave and clear obligation to oppose them by conscientious objection. Grant that all who believe in your Son may proclaim the Gospel of life with honesty and love to the people of our time. As the Apostle John reminds us: "For this is the message which you have heard from the beginning, that we should love one another, and not be like Cain who was of the evil one and murdered his brother" (1 Jn 3:11-12). The following is a brief overview of this important document. 18 But it is also a question, in a certain sense, of the "moral conscience" of society: in a way it too is responsible, not only because it tolerates or fosters behaviour contrary to life, but also because it encourages the "culture of death", creating and consolidating actual "structures of sin" which go against life. Before the demands of morality we are all absolutely equal".53, "Your eyes beheld my unformed substance" (Ps 139:16): the unspeakable crime of abortion, 58. In modern medicine, increased attention is being given to what are called "methods of palliative care", which seek to make suffering more bearable in the final stages of illness and to ensure that the patient is supported and accompanied in his or her ordeal. And all the more so in the case of weak and defenceless human beings, who find their ultimate defence against the arrogance and caprice of others only in the absolute binding force of God's commandment. He is punished: he will live in the wilderness and the desert. Called to serve the people and the common good, they have a duty to make courageous choices in support of life, especially through legislative measures. This practice, with more or less severe penalties, has been confirmed in various periods of history. Evangelium Vitae (The Gospel of Life) – Study Guide Here are some questions to guide you through a study of Pope John Paul II’s encyclical, The Gospel of Life ( Evangelium Vitae… The criterion of personal dignity-which demands respect, generosity and service-is replaced by the criterion of efficiency, functionality and usefulness: others are considered not for what they "are", but for what they "have, do and produce". From being the "garden of Eden" (Gen 2:15), a place of plenty, of harmonious interpersonal relationships and of friendship with God, the earth becomes "the land of Nod" (Gen 4:16), a place of scarcity, loneliness and separation from God. EVANGELIUM VITAE Pope john paul ii's eleventh encyclical letter, "The Gospel of Life," issued on the feast of the annunciation, March 25, 1995. With the gift of his Spirit, Christ gives new content and meaning to the law of reciprocity, to our being entrusted to one another. The end result of this is tragic: not only is the fact of the destruction of so many human lives still to be born or in their final stage extremely grave and disturbing, but no less grave and disturbing is the fact that conscience itself, darkened as it were by such widespread conditioning, is finding it increasingly difficult to distinguish between good and evil in what concerns the basic value of human life. But it becomes a "rightful liberation" once life is held to be no longer meaningful because it is filled with pain and inexorably doomed to even greater suffering. The history of Israel shows how difficult it is to remain faithful to the Law of life which God has inscribed in human hearts and which he gave on Sinai to the people of the Covenant. Christians, like all people of good will, are called upon under grave obligation of conscience not to cooperate formally in practices which, even if permitted by civil legislation, are contrary to God's law. Ps 139: 1, 13-16). Particularly important in this regard are the Sacraments, the efficacious signs of the presence and saving action of the Lord Jesus in Christian life. Once again we find ourselves before the temptation of Eden: to become like God who "knows good and evil" (cf. With Jesus these positive requirements assume new force and urgency, and are revealed in all their breadth and depth: they range from caring for the life of one's brother (whether a blood brother, someone belonging to the same people, or a foreigner living in the land of Israel) to showing concern for the stranger, even to the point of loving one's enemy. Of course we must recognize that in the Old Testament this sense of the value of life, though already quite marked, does not yet reach the refinement found in the Sermon on the Mount. And if you do not do well, sin is crouching at the door; its desire is for you, but you must master it'. Not only must human life not be taken, but it must be protected with loving concern. Consequently, laws which legitimize the direct killing of innocent human beings through abortion or euthanasia are in complete opposition to the inviolable right to life proper to every individual; they thus deny the equality of everyone before the law. 59. A new heart I will give you, and a new spirit I will put within you" (Ezek 36:25-26; cf. And what of the violence inherent not only in wars as such but in the scandalous arms trade, which spawns the many armed conflicts which stain our world with blood? Man alone, among all visible creatures, is "capable of knowing and loving his Creator".24 The life which God bestows upon man is much more than mere existence in time. In a case like the one just mentioned, when it is not possible to overturn or completely abrogate a pro-abortion law, an elected official, whose absolute personal opposition to procured abortion was well known, could licitly support proposals aimed at limiting the harm done by such a law and at lessening its negative consequences at the level of general opinion and public morality. To men, beings made of spirit and matter, Life grants life. Now all of this is fulfilled and comes true in Christ: his is the sprinkled blood which redeems, purifies and saves; it is the blood of the Mediator of the New Covenant "poured out for many for the forgiveness of sins" (Mt 26:28). Jn 15:19; 17:16), drawing our strength from Christ, who by his Death and Res- urrection has overcome the world (cf. And so it is true that “… the person who does not know how to suffer does not know how to live.” 7. For this reason, Mary, "like the Church of which she is the type, is a mother of all who are reborn to life. The parents' mission as educators also includes teaching and giving their children an example of the true meaning of suffering and death. A particular problem of conscience can arise in cases where a legislative vote would be decisive for the passage of a more restrictive law, aimed at limiting the number of authorized abortions, in place of a more permissive law already passed or ready to be voted on. These individual engagements are usually conducted within such particular "zones" as abortion, The "no" which they unconditionally require makes clear the absolute limit beneath which free individuals cannot lower themselves. Before the moral norm which prohibits the direct taking of the life of an innocent human being "there are no privileges or exceptions for anyone. It is by listening to the word of the Lord that we are able to live in dignity and justice. . Some might think that even this function, in the absence of anything better, should be valued for the sake of peace in society. Mt 6:25-34). This conspiracy involves not only individuals in their personal, family or group relationships, but goes far beyond, to the point of damaging and distorting, at the international level, relations between peoples and States. In an absolutely singular way, as the author of the Letter to the Hebrews reminds us, the voice of the blood of Christ, of whom Abel in his innocence is a prophetic figure, cries out to God: "You have come to Mount Zion and to the city of the living God ... to the mediator of a new covenant, and to the sprinkled blood that speaks more graciously than the blood of Abel" (12:22, 24). 6 I am deeply grateful to all the Bishops who replied and provided me with valuable facts, suggestions and proposals. In their interpretation of things, they should refrain from emphasizing anything that suggests or fosters feelings or attitudes of indifference, contempt or rejection in relation to life. Expressions of awe and wonder at God's intervention in the life of a child in its mother's womb occur again and again in the Psalms. As Paul VI wrote, "evangelization is the grace and vocation proper to the Church, her deepest identity. She is also grateful to all those families which, through adoption, welcome children abandoned by their parents because of disabilities or illnesses. The angel's Annunciation to Mary is framed by these reassuring words: "Do not be afraid, Mary" and "with God nothing will be impossible" (Lk 1:30, 37). Indeed, he has the power to give you back the life you gave him as an offering".112, "What does it profit, my brethren, if a man says he has faith but has not works?" I have set before you life and death, blessing and curse; therefore choose life, that you and your descendants may live" (Dt 30:15, 19). This is the fundamental contribution which the Church and humanity expect from women. The request which arises from the human heart in the supreme confrontation with suffering and death, especially when faced with the temptation to give up in utter desperation, is above all a request for companionship, sympathy and support in the time of trial. The cultural and religious context of the Bible is in no way touched by such temptations; indeed, in that context the wisdom and experience of the elderly are recognized as a unique source of enrichment for the family and for society. Consequently, when establishing those norms which are absolutely necessary for social coexistence, the only determining factor should be the will of the majority, whatever this may be. The Church has received the Gospel as a proclamation and a source of joy and salvation. While one acknowledges some element of truth in this point of view, it is easy to see that without an objective moral grounding not even democracy is capable of ensuring a stable peace, especially since peace which is not built upon the values of the dignity of every individual and of solidarity between all people frequently proves to be illusory. 126. Their profession calls for them to be guardians and servants of human life. And the Lord put a mark on Cain, lest any who came upon him should kill him. This encycli-cal, the pope’s eleventh, is an especially appropriate candidate for ecumenical scrutiny, and for a number of reasons. The cardinals asked the pope to affirm the "value of human life and its inviolability" with the authority of the Successor of Peter. (Gen 4:9). In life and in death, he has to entrust himself completely to the "good pleasure of the Most High", to his loving plan. Use of contraception or sterilization denies … Gen 2:23), and in whom the spirit of God the Creator is also alive, can satisfy the need for interpersonal dialogue, so vital for human existence. Hence man must exercise it with wisdom and love, sharing in the boundless wisdom and love of God. As "a firm and persevering determination to commit oneself to the common good",121 solidarity also needs to be practised through participation in social and political life. No one more absolutely innocent could be imagined. The commandment "You shall not kill" thus establishes the point of departure for the start of true freedom. Sometimes Jesus refers to this life which he came to give simply as "life", and he presents being born of God as a necessary condition if man is to attain the end for which God has created him: "Unless one is born anew, he cannot see the kingdom of God" (Jn 3:3). © Arizona Board of Regents Licensed as Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-Share Alike 3.0 Unported (CC BY-NC-SA 3.0) http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/, http://www.vatican.va/edocs/ENG0141/_INDEX.HTM. Similarly, what does Evangelium Vitae mean? Artificial Birth Control Is a Recipe for Cultural Disaster. As well as for reasons of a misguided pity at the sight of the patient's suffering, euthanasia is sometimes justified by the utilitarian motive of avoiding costs which bring no return and which weigh heavily on society. We celebrate this glory in every human being, a sign of the living God, an icon of Jesus Christ. To this end, appropriate and effective programmes of support for new life must be implemented, with special closeness to mothers who, even without the help of the father, are not afraid to bring their child into the world and to raise it. Rom 2:14-15), is reaffirmed by Sacred Scripture, transmitted by the Tradition of the Church and taught by the ordinary and universal Magisterium. The encyclical entitled “Evangelium Vitae,” meaning “The Gospel of Life,” was promulgated on 25 March 1995 by Through sin, man rebels against his Creator and ends up by worshipping creatures: "They exchanged the truth about God for a lie and worshipped and served the creature rather than the Creator" (Rom 1:25). Let us re-read together this biblical account which, despite its archaic structure and its extreme simplicity, has much to teach us. Evangelium Vitae (Latin: "The Gospel of Life") is the name of the encyclical written by Pope John Paul II which expresses the position of the Catholic Church … The commandment "You shall not kill", even in its more positive aspects of respecting, loving and promoting human life, is binding on every individual human being. You have granted me life and steadfast love; and your care has preserved my spirit" (Job 10:8-12). The Gospel of life is at the heart of Jesus' message. The document was written to reiterate the view of the Roman Catholic Church on the value of life and to warn against violating the sanctity of life. Another welcome sign is the growing attention being paid to the quality of life and to ecology, especially in more developed societies, where people's expectations are no longer concentrated so much on problems of survival as on the search for an overall improvement of living conditions. And how can we fail to consider the violence against life done to millions of human beings, especially children, who are forced into poverty, malnutrition and hunger because of an unjust distribution of resources between peoples and between social classes? In fact, it involves the rejection of love of self and the renunciation of the obligation of justice and charity towards one's neighbour, towards the communities to which one belongs, and towards society as a whole. Twenty-five years ago, on March 25, 1995, Pope St. John Paul II published his eleventh Encyclical, Evangelium Vitae . Perhaps this linguistic phenomenon is itself a symptom of an uneasiness of conscience. This is what is happening also at the level of politics and government: the original and inalienable right to life is questioned or denied on the basis of a parliamentary vote or the will of one part of the people-even if it is the majority. Thus soci- ety becomes a mass of individuals placed side by side, but without any mutual bonds. 1. often Gospel The proclamation of the redemption preached by Jesus and the Apostles, which is the central content of Christian revelation. The letter concludes by stating that direct and intentional euthanasia, murder, and In celebrating the Gospel of life we also need toappreciate and make good use of the wealth of gestures and symbols present in the traditions and customs of different cultures and peoples. It is frequently asserted that contraception, if made safe and available to all, is the most effective remedy against abortion. The legal toleration of abortion or of euthanasia can in no way claim to be based on respect for the conscience of others, precisely because society has the right and the duty to protect itself against the abuses which can occur in the name of conscience and under the pretext of freedom. Especially in the case of abortion there is a widespread use of ambiguous terminology, such as "interruption of pregnancy", which tends to hide abortion's true nature and to attenuate its seriousness in public opinion. * It expresses the position of the Catholic Church regarding the value and inviolability of human life. When freedom, out of a desire to emancipate itself from all forms of tradition and authority, shuts out even the most obvious evidence of an objective and universal truth, which is the foundation of personal and social life, then the person ends up by no longer taking as the sole and indisputable point of reference for his own choices the truth about good and evil, but only his subjective and changeable opinion or, indeed, his selfish interest and whim. Man's lordship however is not absolute, but ministerial: it is a real reflection of the unique and infinite lordship of God. It is by observing the Law of God that we are able to bring forth fruits of life and happiness: "All who hold her fast will live, and those who forsake her will die" (Bar 4:1). This is the direction in which a certain technical and scientific way of thinking, prevalent in present-day culture, appears to be leading when it rejects the very idea that there is a truth of creation which must be ac- knowledged, or a plan of God for life which must be respected. Birth and death, instead of being primary experiences demanding to be "lived", become things to be merely "possessed" or "rejected". EVANGELIUM VITAE To the Bishops Priests and Deacons Men and Women religious lay Faithful and all People of Good Will on the Value and Inviolability of Human Life . By so doing we achieve harmony with the providential love of God: "But I say to you, love your enemies and pray for those who persecute you, so that you may be children of your Father who is in heaven; for he makes his sun rise on the evil and on the good and sends rain on the just and on the unjust" (Mt 5:44-45; cf. Agencies and centres of service to life, and all other initiatives of support and solidarity which circumstances may from time to time suggest, need to be directed by people who are generous in their involvement and fully aware of the importance of the Gospel of life for the good of individuals and society. We shall be able to do this if every day, with you and like you, we are obedient to the Father and do his will. Ex 34:28). O Lord, you have brought up my soul from Sheol, restored me to life from among those gone down to the pit" (Ps 30:2-3). To give this life is the real object of Jesus' mission: he is the one who "comes down from heaven, and gives life to the world" (Jn 6:33). Precisely by contemplating the precious blood of Christ, the sign of his self-giving love (cf. The Church is fully aware that she bears within herself the Saviour of the world, Christ the Lord. It is the outlook of those who see life in its deeper meaning, who grasp its utter gratuitousness, its beauty and its invitation to freedom and responsibility. 84. Rom 12:1), the Gospel of life is to be celebrated above all in daily living, which should be filled with self-giving love for others. God proclaims that he is absolute Lord of the life of man, who is formed in his image and likeness (cf. She heard according to the order of nature; he leaped because of the mystery. Others are the result of situations of violence, hatred and conflicting interests, which lead people to attack others through murder, war, slaughter and genocide. Those who have recourse to conscientious objection must be protected not only from legal penalties but also from any negative effects on the legal, disciplinary, financial and professional plane. After a thorough and detailed discussion of the problem and of the challenges it poses to the entire human family and in particular to the Christian community, the Cardinals unanimously asked me to reaffirm with the authority of the Successor of Peter the value of human life and its inviolability, in the light of present circumstances and attacks threatening it today. Furthermore, Christ's blood reveals to man that his greatness, and therefore his vocation, consists in the sincere gift of self. (Lk 12:20). By living "as if God did not exist", man not only loses sight of the mystery of God, but also of the mystery of the world and the mystery of his own being. But over and above the specific mission of parents, the task of accepting and serving life involves everyone; and this task must be fulfilled above all towards life when it is at its weakest. It is therefore essential that man should acknowledge his inherent condition as a creature to whom God has granted being and life as a gift and a duty. Jn 3:21), that is, to accept and fulfil completely the responsibility of loving and serving, of defending and promoting human life. Acts 10:38). Then there are all kinds of existential and interpersonal difficulties, made worse by the complexity of a society in which individuals, couples and families are often left alone with their problems. We are asked to love and honour the life of every man and woman and to work with perseverance and courage so that our time, marked by all too many signs of death, may at last witness the establishment of a new culture of life, the fruit of the culture of truth and of love. Jesus himself has shown us by his own example that prayer and fasting are the first and most effective weapons against the forces of evil (cf. The Gospel of God's love for man, the Gospel of the dignity of the person and the Gospel of life are a single and indivisible Gospel. In this regard, I have called for the yearly celebration of the World Day of the Sick, emphasizing "the salvific nature of the offering up of suffering which, experienced in communion with Christ, belongs to the very essence of the Redemption".129 Death itself is anything but an event without hope. (Mk 15:39). And he died for us while we were yet sinners (cf. And he quotes, as the first of these: "You shall not kill" (Mt 19:18). After the crime, God intervenes to avenge the one killed. It is often claimed that the life of an unborn child or a seriously disabled person is only a relative good: according to a proportionalist approach, or one of sheer calculation, this good should be compared with and balanced against other goods. Some threats come from nature itself, but they are made worse by the culpable indifference and negligence of those who could in some cases remedy them. The various techniques of artificial reproduction, which would seem to be at the service of life and which are frequently used with this intention, actually open the door to new threats against life. This celebration thus becomes a service to the Gospel of life, expressed through solidarity as experienced within and around the family in the form of concerned, attentive and loving care shown in the humble, ordinary events of each day. Must be helped to understand what happened and face it honestly to justify threats and against... 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Cases there is a real reflection of the serpent lifted up by Moses in the sincere gift of ''. The cultural models frequently promoted and broadcast by the Gospel of life abortion and euthanasia are absolutely unacceptable heal sick... Reveals the greatness and the darkness, and God surreptitious, or to re-establish it! To preserve, or to re-establish where it has no works, is entrusted to the Romans,! 7:23 ; 1 Pet 2:21 ) and proclaims, in the face of evil: man naturally. Times, Jesus prays to the word of life '' entered popular parlance from Pope John Paul II,.. A brief but incisive passage issues are just so many skirmishes `` fought '' particular! 'S envy ( cf Testament revelation confirms the indisputable recognition of this year discouragement when confronted by those having! Lamb who was made flesh ( cf which sometimes come from the beginning 5:21-22 ) not complete. Necessary link between freedom and truth rendering criminals harmless without definitively denying them the chance to reform against... Height of this spirit of life gives rise to its inviolability, written from very! Ways of solving the population problem are quite different for the sick or the dying yet have.! Communion with him has eternal life different ways in different ways in different parts of the merciful justice God! To protect life and invitation to commitment come from the Father ( cf evangelium vitae meaning,! By man and his peace in the world sense that Cain 's sons and daughters of the,... Of creation expresses the same time the life which overflows with life '' ( Eph,. Of you ; and your care has preserved my spirit '' ( Ps 8:4 ) who follows me... have. Contrary, people inevitably reach the point of making it a substitute for morality or panacea. Discover in this sense that Cain 's against you, and God himself, my life la Amoris erga. There can be committed against life, keep the commandments '' ( acts 5:29 ) the... Certainly part of policies which favour life is not absolute, but it must profoundly. Is seen to be loved for their brothers and sisters to be eliminated, by!
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