The distribution of income in China has been a subject of great interest to economists and others both inside and outside the country.
Quick Analysis with our professional Research Service: Content Marketing & Information Design for your projects: Note: 1 yuan equals approximately 0.14 U.S. dollars and 0.13 euros (as of March 2020). Request a complimentary demonstration of our award-winning market research today. 4, 1990). The very low input coefficient that is implied for non-farm activities of diversified households suggests that many of these activities consist of services or wage-type contract income rather than manufacturing output. Our urban sample, which is drawn from the SSB panel, inherits and somewhat amplifies this bias. for this article.
Corporate solution including all features. The World Bank, China: Socialist Economic Development (Washington, D.C.: The World Bank, 1983), Vol. Files are delivered directly into your account within a few minutes of purchase. For 1987 the Gini ratio for rural income distribution would be higher than 0.28 but lower than the 0.4 which it was in 1976. To get round the problem of over-representation of urban areas, we have counted each rural household twice in the aggregate sample for all China.
Although 45 women were said to be retired, only four reported receiving pensions, and these averaged 60.75 yuan, or 73% of that of the male retirees with pensions. (eds) The Distribution of Income in China. However, discretionary spending growth is set to moderate over the medium term, triggered by the COVID-19 pandemic and heightened uncertainty, hindering consumer confidence and leading to higher precautionary saving. Households: Global shifts in gender, ageing, migration, housing and education are transforming the size, location and general make-up of households around the globe, with diverse implications for governments and companies. Of the 30 administrative divisions of China only Tibet and Xinjiang (together accounting for 1.5% of China's population) have been excluded from the rural sample. and over 1 Mio. This is confirmed by the fact that for the households in our sample we were able to obtain the estimate of household income according to the SSB definition. But these components in Indonesia and Bangladesh are tiny compared to China.
Riskin, Carl
(1993) Household Income and its Distribution in China. Henderson, Gail Ravallion, Martin The average for our sample using the SSB definition of income is 548 yuan as compared to the average of 545 yuan for all the households in the SSB survey.
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93% of our urban sample households report having one or more household members with regular wages. * Views captured on Cambridge Core between See Riskin, C., China's Political Economy (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1987), ch. Ying, Chang Its annual depreciation, as a proportion of gross value of output is 1.6% of income, assuming a ten-year life for machines and equipment and a 20-year life for buildings. Thus any comparison with the period before 1979 must make allowance for the sharp improvement in agriculture's terms of trade in 1979 and later years. Accessed November 02, 2020. https://www.statista.com/statistics/278698/annual-per-capita-income-of-households-in-china/. In the case of Inner Mongolia the difference is from a low share of rental value of housing (5% as compared to 10% for China). Please create an employee account to be able to mark statistics as favorites. 33. 29. The same factors that rendered the incomes of these households temporarily negative must also have affected the ranking of the remaining households. Introducing enhanced country reports featuring interactive datagraphics, charts and analysis. Akin, John 13. 7. Jianmin, Wang Jones, Marion E. 21. In using the contribution of family farm income to total household income as an index of diversification of China's rural economy over time one must of course allow for the change in agriculture's terms of trade. Beijing's smaller area per capita is partly offset by higher value per square metre. In: Griffin K., Renwei Z. Chart. Ningxia is the only province in which net taxes are significantly progressive. This data will be updated every 24 hours. Profit from additional features by authenticating your Admin account. We can only speculate at this stage about how the inclusion of this population might affect the egalitarianism of the urban distribution. It has been noted that the urban sample includes 38% of all persons in the rural and urban samples together, whereas, in reality, the urban area from which the urban sample was drawn represents only about 21% of the population of China. VAT No. You only have access to basic statistics. Xiping, Zhang Income and Expenditure: Insight into income, wealth and expenditure of consumers and households is vital in helping businesses make strategic decisions with regards to which country (or even which region within a country) to enter, which consumer segment or household type to target, which products or services to market, and at which price point. * We wish to thank the Ford Foundation and the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences for supporting the research programme on which this article is based. Of the urban households in the sample, 84.5% live in publicly-provided housing, 13.7% live in their own houses and 1.7% rent private housing. Overview and forecasts on trending topics, Key figures and rankings about brands and companies, Consumer insights and preferences in various industries, Detailed information about political and social topics, All key figures about regions and countries, Everything you need to know about Consumer Goods, Identify market potentials of the digital future, Technology Market Outlook 11. ... Khan A.R., Griffin K., Riskin C., Renwei Z. The former has a disequalizing effect and many policymakers would consider a reduction in its share a prime instrument of income redistributive policy. For Guangxi the difference is largely explained by a high share of net subsidies (—0.8%). I, pp. Import and export trade profiles help gauge how open an economy is to trade and investment, while government finances can be used to explore macroeconomic stability and susceptibility to economic shocks. The most influential Megatrends set to shape the world through 2030, identified by Euromonitor International, help businesses better anticipate market developments and lead change for their industries. We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. Zhiming, Li (2020). New, Everything you need to know about the industry development, Find studies from all around the internet. This makes the urban share of the all-China sample 24%, much closer to the actual urban share of population. Household income and spending in China have grown rapidly over the past few decades, and income inequality has also risen. Subscribe to our content! 1040587, Annual Gross Income Distribution by Age in China: 2019, Distribution of Income in China: Key Metrics 2019-2040, Gross Income Growth Index in China 2019-2040, Average Gross Income by Age in China : 2019-2040, Total Population and Population Aged 50+ by Income Brackets in 2040, Households by Disposable Income (PPP) over 2019-2040, Consumer Market and Spending in China: Key Metrics 2040, Consumer Expenditure by Region: Size in 2040 and Growth over 2014-2040, Consumer Spending by Category in China 2019-2040: USD per Household, Index of Consumer Prices in China over 2010-2019, Households Expenditure by Category in China: 2040. The latter has an equalizing effect, but few policy-makers would consider a greater degree of subsistence orientation a desirable income redistributive policy. The Chinese consumer market is projected to more than double over 2020-2040 and remain the second largest globally, supported by steadily rising household disposable income, increasing labour market flexibility, and a burgeoning middle class. There were few estimates of the distribution of income in China and those that were available were fragmentary and of uncertain reliability. 31. and Business Dynamics: A stable and competitive business environment is vital to operate efficiently and attract inward investment. Note that per capita urban income in Gansu, a very poor province, is very high. If you purchase a report that is updated in the next 60 days, we will send you the new edition and data extract FREE! The World Bank, China: Long-Term Issues and Options (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1985), pp. 4. A new, independently designed household income survey for China in 2002 shows some decline in income inequality in both rural and urban China since 1995. Abstract. As a result, measured urban inequality will tend to be biased downward, a factor that should be kept in mind when considering the discussion below of the level of urban income, the overall urban distribution, the rural-urban gap, and the urban inter-regional distribution. 23. For Indonesia the estimate is from World Bank, Indonesia, Poverty Assessment and Strategy Report (Washington, D.C.: The World Bank, 05 1990), p. 8. Figures for earlier years have been taken from previous publications. According to official estimates non-agricultural private enterprise employed 23 million workers in China in 1988. Check if you have access via personal or institutional login, Indonesia the estimate is from World Bank, Indonesia, Poverty Assessment and Strategy Report, The Strategy of Development in Bangladesh, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0305741000045525, Consumption and Living Standards in China, Growth and Distribution of Household Income in China between 1995 and 2002, Inequality and Public Policy in China: Issues and Trends, Growth, Inequality, and Poverty: A Comparative Study of China's Experience in the Periods before and after the Asian Crisis, The Chinese Labor Market in the Reform Era, State Rebuilding, Popular Protest and Collective Action in China. .