"Not only is it brighter than any other supernova we've ever seen, but it has several properties and features that make it rare in comparison to other explosions of stars in the universe.". The resulting friction "causes the white dwarf to spiral towards the center, and at the same time, the envelope material is ejected," Jerkstrand said. Election Day could turn into "Election Week" with rise in mail ballots. The way the supernovae fade from their peak brightness over time is inconsistent with the decay of radioactive elements, which is what powers the glow of a type Ia supernova. The star's mass was about 200 times that of the sun, and the mass of the bubble of expelled material was about equivalent to the sun's, the researchers estimated. Because two fluids are moving past each other, the physics of this instability cannot be captured in one dimension. A mysterious kind of supernova that appears to explode twice may be giving birth to some of the most powerful magnets in the universe, a new study finds. This scenario explains the connection between the mass ejection and the supernova itself. The PTF team described the new class of supernovae in a study published online June 8 in Nature. This graph shows the change in the apparent brightness of a superluminous supernova detected by the Dark Energy Survey. The initial spike of brightness likely coincided with the dying star's ejection of a huge bubble of material into outer space.

Chen started using NERSC as a graduate student at the University of Minnesota in 2011, then as the IAU-Gruber Fellow in the Department of Astrophysics at UC Santa Cruz before taking positions at the National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, and his current role at ASIAA. While several other superluminous supernovae could also fit by the scenario described by Jerkstrand’s team, it will be difficult to tell — they are all farther away and if iron has left fingerprints in their spectra, the imprints can’t be seen. One possible origin for the superluminous blasts is a very massive star, roughly 100 times the mass of the sun, that ejects a dense shell of hydrogen-depleted material. Astronomers have found that these superluminous events occur when a magnetar—the rapidly spinning corpse of a massive star whose magnetic field is trillions of times stronger than Earth’s—is in the center of a young supernova.

Scientists detected high levels of hydrogen gas in the explosion, leading them to believe the star formed from two less massive stars merging together, since lower mass stars hold onto hydrogen for longer.

"SN2016aps is spectacular in several ways," co-author Edo Berger of Harvard University said in a press release. But so-called superluminous supernovae are in a rare class of their own, shining hundreds of times brighter than their “ordinary” cousins. June 25, 2004, By: Bob King

But to understand how this happens, researchers need multidimensional simulations. Astronomers have spotted a record-breaking supernova — the largest ever observed. NASA / HST / Fox et al. For instance, if you have a glass of water and put some dye on top, the surface tension of the water will become unstable and the heavier dye will sink to the bottom. However, with SN 2006gy, the researchers suspected that the white dwarf may have exploded "within only about a century since the initiation of the inspiral phase," he said. Astronomers have found a precedent of a hydrogen-poor supernova preceded by an eruptive event, says Roger Chevalier, a professor of astronomy at the University of Virginia who did not contribute to the new research. Located at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, the NERSC Center serves more than 7,000 scientists at national laboratories and universities researching a wide range of problems in combustion, climate modeling, fusion energy, materials science, physics, chemistry, computational biology, and other disciplines. In today’s Science, Anders Jerkstrand (Max Planck Institute for Astrophysics, Germany, and Stockholm University, Sweden) and colleagues revive an old idea for one of the most luminous supernovae ever recorded, designated SN 2006gy. So we might actually be able to see the very first stars if they explode in a similar manner to this one. This scenario explains most of the observations of the event, including its extreme brightness and the way that brightness changed over time. Astronomers have invoked the death of very massive stars or even collisions between stellar behemoths as explanations. Future US, Inc. 11 West 42nd Street, 15th Floor, But Type Ia supernovae are not anywhere as bright as SN 2006gy was. The resulting light curves and spectra are sensitive to the mixing that depends on stellar structure and the physical properties of magnetar. About NERSC and Berkeley Lab The National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center (NERSC) is a U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science User Facility that serves as the primary high-performance computing center for scientific research sponsored by the Office of Science. Mysteriously, previous research suggested that some superluminous supernovas appear to explode twice.

This supernova then slammed into the dense shell of material ejected from the white dwarf's companion star, which was still relatively nearby. If it then undergoes core collapse to initiate a supernova, the supernova-driven ejecta would collide with the existing shell to glow brightly. Copyright © 2020 CBS Interactive Inc. All rights reserved. Join our Space Forums to keep talking space on the latest missions, night sky and more! Now a sky survey has turned up a much rarer kind of supernova, one that defies the standard explanations for how such blasts work. 2015 . The exact process that causes a superluminous supernova is another question. Previous research of past superluminous supernovas suggested "these astrophysical objects are all highly similar, and thus presumably, one explosion mechanism can explain them all," Smith said. From the outlook of a planet that resides next to a quiet, relatively predictable star, the circumstances that lead to dramatic stellar explosions elsewhere in the universe can sound somewhat improbable. They have even marshaled the Hubble Space Telescope to gather their ultraviolet spectra.

One of the most luminous stellar explosions ever detected may now be explained. Such a detonation would have been more contained. Radiation released by the magnetar is what amplifies the supernova’s luminosity.

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