pankration techniques
Even as late as the Early Middle Ages, statues were put up in Rome and other cities to honour remarkable pankratiasts of Rome. Lors du salut, le pancratiaste reste debout et tend le bras droit vers le côté droit de la tempe à l'adresse du professeur, le proponitis (en grec moderne προπονητής, entraîneur) en déclarant : Erroso ô proponita, "Salut à toi, entraîneur" . The front arm is nearly fully extended but not entirely so; the rear arm is more cambered than the front arm, but more extended than a modern-day boxer’s rear arm. In another counter, the athlete sidesteps the oncoming kick, but now to the inside of the opponent’s leg. La FILA reconnait les fédérations nationales associées membres du WPC (World Pangration Athlima Committee) comme membres à part entière si les Fédérations Nationales de Luttes ne développent pas elles-mêmes le PanKration. The pankratiast faces his opponent with a nearly frontal stance—only slightly turned sideways.
En dehors du Pankration, il existe également les Palaismata qui sont des combats chorégraphiés opposant deux partenaires à mains nues dans un style auto-défense. The hands are partially open, the fingers are relaxed, and the palms are facing naturally forward, down, and slightly towards each other. C'est ce style qui est le plus largement pratiqué en compétition. Kicking well was a great advantage to the pankratiast. The right hand of the athlete is pressing down at the (side of) the head of the opponent, thus not permitting him to rotate to his right to relieve the pressure on his shoulder. The right arm of the athlete is pulling back at the opponent’s right wrist (or forearm). Cette réciprocité dans les rapports sociaux entre entraîneur et élève marque une différence fondamentale avec les autres sports de combat et arts martiaux où le lien de subordination est la règle de la relation dans le club. Le Pankration ou Pangration est le terme originel signifiant « Pancrace » dans la langue grecque ancienne. Nothing New Under the Sun: Mixed Martial Arts Bears Striking Resemblance to Ancient Greek Pankration. En effet, à la différence des arts barbares, dans la mentalité grecque, les « Grecs ne se prosternent pas mais saluent seulement » (en grec moderne, Οι Έλληνες δεν προσκηνούν, μόνον χαιρετούν). Le combat arbitré par l’hellanodikis (ἐλλανοδίκης, membre du jury) central et trois hellanodikes périphériques, permet en outre de s'assurer, dans le respect des règles, de l'intégrité des combattants. The term rear naked choke likely originated from the technique in Jujutsu and Judo known as the “Hadaka Jime”, or “Naked Strangle.” The word “naked” in this context suggests that, unlike other strangulation techniques found in Jujutsu/Judo, this hold does not require the use of a keikogi (“gi”) or training uniform. La FILA (Fédération Internationale des luttes associées) a récemment changé de nom en devenant : l’United World Wrestling. Techniques that would be familiar today, such as punching, kicking, arm bars, shoulder locks and the rear naked choke were employed in Pankration.
Theocritus, in his narration of the (boxing) match between Polydeukēs and Amykos, noted that the two opponents struggled a lot, vying to see who would get the sun’s rays on his back. Identifying and exploiting the weak side of the opponent. Dio Chrysostom notes that retreat under fear tends to result in even greater injuries, while attacking before the opponent strikes is less injurious and could very well end in victory. Some of the techniques that would be applied in anō pankration and katō pankration, respectively, are known to us through depictions on ancient pottery and sculptures, as well as in descriptions in ancient literature. Le pancrace fait partie des épreuves qualifiées de « gymniques » (γυμνικοὶ ἀγῶνες [gumnikoì agônes]) c'est-à-dire, au sens propre, « nues », parce que les athlètes y concourent complètement nus, telles que le pentathlon et les courses (hors la course en armes). The athletes engaged in a pankration competition — i.e., the pankratiasts (παγκρατιαστές) employed a variety of techniques in order to strike their opponent as well as take him to the ground in order to use a submission technique. As indicated by Plato in his Laws, an important element of strategy was to understand if the opponent had a weak or untrained side and to force him to operate on that side and generally take advantage of that weakness. There were also strategies documented in ancient literature that were meant to be used to obtain an advantage over the competitor. In this technique, the position of the bodies is very similar to the one described just above.
Le Pangration se veut être un système globalement ouvert utilisant toutes les ressources des boxes et des luttes. The athlete can follow the opponent to the ground and place himself on his back, where he could strike him or choke him from behind while holding him in the “grapevine” body lock (see above), stretching him face down on the ground. Le salut, dit en grec ancien, se fait envers une personne et vers les autres. In this way, the athlete keeps the right arm of his opponent straightened and tightly pulled against his right hip/lower abdomen area, which results in an arm bar putting pressure on the right elbow. The athlete is in full contact on top of the opponent, with his right leg in front of the right leg of the opponent to block him from escaping by rolling forward. Epiktētos is making a derogatory reference to a compliment one may give another: “μεγάλα λακτίζεις” (“you kick great”). La dernière épreuve est le pancrace (παγκράτιον [pankrátion]), qui recherche également la mise hors de combat de l'adversaire, sans autre interdiction que de mettre les doigts dans les yeux de l'adversaire, de lui arracher une partie du corps ou de le mordre[2]. The community will be active soon. He then heaves the opponent back and up, using the muscles of his legs and his back, so that the opponent’s feet rise in the air and he ends up inverted, perpendicular to the ground, and facing away from the athlete. L'arbitrage de la discipline permet sur le plan tactique de ne privilégier aucun style en particulier, seul l'athlète dominant l'ensemble des techniques (frappes pieds-poings, prises douloureuses, projections, combat au sol, techniques de soumission, maîtrise de l'espace et de la zone de combat) pouvant l'emporter à compétences physiques égales entre deux pancratiastes. From here the athlete sets a waist lock by encircling, from the back, the torso of the opponent with his arms and securing a “handshake” grip close to the abdomen of the opponent. In fact, in antiquity as today, falling to one’s knee(s) was a metaphor for coming to a disadvantage and putting oneself at risk of losing the fight, as argued persuasively by Michael B. Poliakoff. Il s'agit d'une forme de pancrace plus proche d'un mélange de boxe thaï debout et d'agrafe au sol (grappinage), où les règles sportives sont différentes (frappes au sol interdites) ce qui lui permet d'être pratiquée en France sans problème. Le pancrace (grec ancien : παγκράτιον pankrátion) est un sport de combat grec, permettant au temps des Jeux olympiques antiques quasiment toutes les techniques. The opponents are facing in opposite directions with the athlete at a higher level, over the back of his opponent. La tenue des compétiteurs était jusqu’en 2013 composée d’une tunique sans ceintures (endyma) et de pantalons en toile solide, ou bien de kimonos bleus ou blancs ainsi que de gants libres bleus ou blancs à doigts ouverts, protège-dents, coquille, protège-tibias et pieds. Depending on the torque the athlete imparts, the opponent becomes more or less vertically inverted, facing the body of the athlete. La spécificité de son règlement sportif issu de la FILA est qu'elle autorise les frappes au sol alors que le Ministère des Sports en France considère cette pratique comme dégradante et contrevenant à la loi en s'appuyant sur une recommandation de l'Union Européenne. La FILA (Fédération internationale des luttes associées) a officiellement reconnu le WPAC (World Pangration Athlima Committee) et ses fédérations nationales associées (FPF — Fédération Pankration Française pour la France) pour la pratique du pancrace dans le monde. The athlete grabs the throat of the opponent with the four fingers on the outside of the throat and the tip of the thumb pressing in and down the hollow of the throat, putting pressure on the trachea. Epiktētos is making a derogatory reference to a compliment one may give another: … This creates an arm bar on the right arm with the pressure now being mostly on the elbow. Striking techniques. Le terme pancrace englobe aussi bien les disciplines sportives que martiales. La CNK trouve là comme ses consœurs roumaine et hongroise la possibilité de participer à plus de compétitions internationales et ce au sein d’une fédération internationale reconnue par le CIO et les plus grandes instances du sport mondial. Ce sport conserve certaines traditions dans la pratique. Thus, the left side of the body is slightly forward of the right side of the body and the left hand is more forward than the right one. Toutes les techniques de projections sont autorisées mais sans écraser volontairement l'adversaire dans le but de lui faire mal. L’arbitre central portera également des gants chirurgicaux. Les entraîneurs sont vêtus d'une tenue sportive aux couleurs de leur club, nation…. The athlete is behind the opponent and has him leaning down, with the right knee of the opponent on the ground. Il existe également les Palaismata (παλαίσματα) qui sont des combats chorégraphiés opposant deux partenaires à mains nues dans un style auto-défense, laissant parfois place à des démonstrations martiales de haut niveau technique et visuel. Pour toutes les compétitions de la FILA, des tapis de compétition homologués de 12 × 12 m ou 10 × 10 m contenant un cercle de huit à dix mètres seront utilisés. Une zone de protection de deux mètres minimum sera également garantie. The athlete’s left hand ends up pressing down on the scapula region of his opponent’s back. Moreover, in an accolade to the fighting prowess of the pankratiast Glykon from Pergamo, the athlete is described as “wide foot”. It's, basically, a combination of boxing and wrestling.
Both hands are held high so that the tips of the fingers are at the level of the hairline or just below the top of the head.
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